Electrical measuring instrument.



H. B. TAYLOR.

ELEcTmcAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED SEPT.25, |914.

Patented Jan. l5, if.

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HAROLD B. TAYLOR, OIF WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHCUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

/' ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

Application filed September 25, 1914.

To all whom 13' may concern.'

Be it known that I, HARoLD B. TAYLOR, a citizen of the United States, and a resi-4 dent of "Wilkinsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electrical Measuring Instruments, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electrical measuring instruments, and particularly to powerfactor meters.

The object of my invention is to provide a polyphase power-factor meter that will operate correctly on a circuit having unballanced phases.

Heretofore,polyphase powenfactor meters have been provided, but the inability of the same to operate correctly on circuits having unbalanced phases rendered them useless under certain conditions of operation.

I provide a meter for determining the power component of the energy traversing a circuit and a second meter for determining the reactive component of the energy traversing the circuit. I arrange these meters,

so that the torques ot the same are opposed to each other and I rovide a variable resistor that is operate either automatically or manually, to change the amount of resistso Vanco, in circuit with one of the meters Yfor balancing the torques of the same. Since the torques pf the two meters may be made equal at a predetermined power factor, and since the ratio of the power component andthe reactive component of the power has a definite value for any power factor, the ratio of the resistances in the two meters, when the torques of the same are balanced, tur! nishes a definite basis for a power-factor 40, calibration. Since the power supplied to the ".meters is independent of the relative load on the several phases, the instrument will opcrate correctly whether the phases are equally or unequally loaded. n

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front view, partially in section and partially in elevation, of a raphic or recording power-factor meter em'odying my invention; Fig. 2 is a top view, partially in sec- Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented dan, 115i, 1218.

Serial No. 863,585.

tion and partially in plan, of the meter shown in Fig. l, and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the circuits of a power-factor meter embodying my invention.

A three-phase circuit l is provided with two voltage transformers 2 and two current transformers S that supply two meters 4: and 5 with energy that is proportional to the power component of the power travcrs ingthe circuit. l and with energy that is proportional to the reactive component ot' the power traversing the circuit l, respectively. The two meters 4C and 5 are mechanically connected together so that the torques of the same oppose each other. A movable contact member 6 is attached to the movable structure of the meters 4 and 5 and is adapted to engage the one or the other of two stationary contact members 7 and 8, when the torques of the two meters are unequal. The engagement ci' the contact member (3 with the one or the other ot stationary Contact members 7 Vand 8 controls a circuit that comprises an auxiliary source 9 of electromotive force and a motor 10 that has an armature 10a and iield magnet windings 11 and 12. The motor 10 is adapted to operate a shaft 13 upon which are mounted two movable contact members 14 and 15 that engage resistors 16 and 17, respectively. il. rerolling1 motor 18 and a motor 19 are also supplied with energy from the battery 9. The motor 19 is employed to rewind the main spring of a clock 2O at predetermined intervals. y.

The meters -1 and :kare of the Kelvinbalance type and sevezfally4 comprise tour stationary current coils 21 and two movable voltage coils 22, each of the coils 22 beingl disposed between a pair of the 'stationary coils 21. rThe movable coils22 are mounted on pivotally mounted members 23 that are operatively connected'together by a flexible strip 24:. The stationary coils 21 are connected to the secondary windings of the cur rent transformers 3 and the movable windings 22 of the meterL are so connected to the secondary windings ot the voltage transfoi-mers 2 that current proportional to the voltage of the circuit 1 flows therein. The

` meter 4. Resistors 25 are connected iu circuit with the movable coils ot' the meter 4 and the adjustable resistors 1G and 17 are respectively connected in circuit with the tWo movable coils ot' the meter 5.

1t has been found that a transformer has@ ing taps brought out at MTW/5;, 100% and 115.4% of the normal votlage will give the desired collections to provide voltages substantial i' '.)00 out of phase with each other. That is, the voltage from a 115.1% point 26 on one ot' the secondary windings of the transformers 2 to a 57.7% point 27 of the other will be equal to or volt-s and is at right ang-les to the normal potential between the. points and 29 of the secondary windings oi the transformers 2. lt will thus be seen that the potential between the 115.1( point 2S) and the 57.7% point tl() will likewise be ot the normal potential ot one of the secondary windings olf the 'transformers 2 but 900 out of phase therewith.

T he -n'iotor 10 is adapted to drive the sha t't 13 through a suitable belt and pulley device 13, Thelshaft 13 is serewthreaded to form a worm screw on which is mounted an internally threaded member 3l. The. member 31 is provided with a pointer that. copen ates with a scale 33 to indicate its displacement, and it is lprovided also with a mariting,r device 34 that records its positions on a strip of paper 35 which unrolled from the roller 3o by the clock 20. The paper 35 is rolled upon a roller 3T by the rerolling' motor 18. A guiding rod 38 is loosely disposed in the member 31 and is attached. at each of its ends, to a traine. we rqf) that. supports the rollers 3G and 53'.. The rod prevents the member 31 from rotating when the shaft 13 is rotating' and causes the member 31 to move across the strip of paper 35 at a speed that is proportional to the rotation ot the shaft 13.

The motor 19, as hereinbefore stated, -is adapted to rewind the spring et the clock 20 at predetermined. intervals. The clock 2() operates the roller $56 through a plurality of gear wheels 40. Since the clock 20, the motor 19 and the rerolling motor 18 do not. form parts of my invention, except as the parts thereof perform their functions in an operative combination, no detailed descripitibn of. the saule.. will be given. These de messes vices, as shown, are only intended to he illustrative of suitable means for accomplish ingr particular purposes and it is evident that any other suital'ile'means may be ein ployed. f

The meters Ll and 5, the motor 10, the clock '120 and the motor ltl :re mounted.` in a case l1 that has suitable supports and terminal connections ior the conductors leading to the Various windings ot the instru nient. The resistors 1G and 1T are mounted on suitable brackets -1-2 attac-hed to the .traine 39.

Since the torques on the meters `t and are opposed to each other and since the meter t has a torque that. is proportional to the energy traversing the circuit 1 and the meter 5 has a. torque that is proportional to the reactive component ot' the energy traversing; the circuit 1, the two tordu-es maybe made equal at a ijiredetermined power factor. 1n case the power factor changes from that pre- 8 determined value, the movable contact inember 6 will engage one et the contact inemiiers 7 and 8 to cause the armature 10 to operate, by reason et the energization ot the iield mag-net windings 10 and 12, to rotate the shaft 13 an amount that is proportional to the change in the power factor. The rotation of the shaft 13 causes the device M titi move along the same, and the'resistance of the resistors 'iti and to' be varied until the J resistance connected in circuit with the movable coils of the meter 5 is ot such "value that the torques of the tivo instruments are again equal. Since it requires a. predeter mined amount out resistance to equalize, the two torques, the Value est this resistance and., consequently, the degree et rotation et the shaft. 13 and the degree of movement et i'he member 3f. may be taken as a` ne "i the power factor of the rcuit i. oe readilyv seen since the ratio oit the power component and the reactive component et' the volt--amperes .has a definite value 'for any ggjiifen power taeter. The ratio of the resist anees in the twoineters, when the'toroues oi the same balance, is a. cleiiirite indication et the power factor, and the positions et thev marker corresponding to the various post tions ot the Contact members 1tand 15 may circuit and adapted to oppose nach other in renacer 'their operation, of a variable resistor connected in circuit with one of the meters, and

means controlled by the resultant toi-ques o't the two meters for colitrolling the resistance of the resistor.

2. In an electrical measuring instrument, the combination with a wattmeter and a reactive-component meter having the movable members thereof connected to oppose each other, of electro-responsive means con trolled by the resultant force ot the movable members, and means connected in circuit with one'of the meters and adapted to be actuated by the electrouespopsive means for alancing the forces ot the said movable members.

3. ln a meastiringinstrument for an electric circuit, the combination with a movable member, of means for actuating the movable member in accordance with the ditlerence etween the two components of the apparent energy traversii'ig the circuit, and means controlled by the movable member for causing the same vto assume a balanced position.

l. In a power-factor meter tor an electric circuit, the combinationV with a movable member, of means for actuating the movable member in accordance with the difference between the tivo components the apparent energy traversing the circuit, and electroresponsive means controlled by the movable member for causing the same t0 assume a balanced position.

5. In a power-factor meter lor an electric circuit, the combination with two opposing;1 movable members, of means tor actuating' one movable member in accordance with one component of the apparent energy traver-singw the circuit, means for actuating the,y other movable member in accordance with the other component of the apparent energy trav- |ersing` the circuit, and means controlled by Vthe resultant movement ot the movable incur lbers tor causing one movable member to 45 balance the other.

6. ln an electrical measuring instrument, the combination with a meter that indicates ,the power traversing an electric circuit, and

a second meter that indicates the reactive.

component ot the apparent power traversing the electric circuit, said meters having` their movable members connected to oppose each other, of an electro-responsive means controlled by the resultant force ot' the said movable members and means controlled bv said electro-responsive means and connected 1n circuit with one of the meters l'or equaliz :inea the :t'orccs et' said movable members.

.1. ln an electrical measuring instrument,

the power traversing` an electric circuit, and a second meter that indlcates the reactive component ot the apparent power traversing;

thecombination with a meter that indicates' the electric circuit, said meters having their movable members connected to oppose each other, ot' an electric motor controlled by the resultant torce ot said movable me1nbers, and means controlled by said motor and connected in circuit with one of the meters for equalizinrv the forces ot' said movable members.

8. In an el ctrical measuring instrument, the combination with a meter that indicates the power traversing an electric circuit, and a second meter that indicates the reactive component olz the apparent power traversing the electric circuit, said meters havingtheir movable members connected to oppose each other, ot an electro-responsive means con trolled by the resultant torce of the said movable members, meanstor inserting resistance in circuit with one moli said meters to balance the ilorces ot' the movable members thereof, and means tor indicating the value of said resistance.

9. ln a phasc-indicating instrument tor an electric circuit, the combination with a power-component mete and a reactive-Colm ponent meter operatively connected to the circuit and adapl'ral to oppose each other in their operation, ot a variable resistor connected in circuit with one Voit the meters, means controlled by the resultant turques ot' the two meters for controlling the resistance o1" the resistor, and means for recording values proportional to the movement of the said means for controlling the resistance of the resistor. i

l0. ln a measuring instrument for electric circuits, the combination with a wattmeter that indicates the power traversing the saidcircuit, and a meter that indicates the re active component ot' the apparent power traversing` the said circuit, the movable inembers oit' said meters being so mechanically connected as to oppose each other, olE an electric motor controlled by the resultant liorce ot said movable members, an adjustable resister ,connected in. circuit with one of the said meters and controlled by the said elec tric motor, and a marking device operatively connected to said motor for recording the power factor ot the said circuit.

ll. ln a power-factor meter for a poly-- phase electric circuit, the combination with two wattmeters, ot means for so connecting 'the`wattmetcrs to the circuit that the meters will be supplied with energy in accordance with the power component and the reactive component, respectively, of the apparent energy traversinpthe circuit irrespective ot its unbalancing', the movable members o said meters being adapted to oppose each other, a variable resistor, means dependent upon the resultant torque of the meters for inserting the resistor in circuit with one et the meter for e'ectiiio e balance of their turques, and.,

meane for etermining the vaiue of the sstzinee of the resistor.

12. In a poiver-faetoi'l inetei' for a. polyphase electric circuit, the combination with two cipposing;r meters, o means foi' so connecting the meters te the circuit that they aie actuated in iiceoidziiice with the two com ponents 0f the apparent eiiei'gy tw. eyeing the circuit irrespective of its uxibulaiieing, a varia-ble resistor, and means dependent upf-rv Loewe? in testimony whereof, have hereunto subscribed my nume thigs 22nd dey oi inept., 1914.

HAROLB B. TAYLR. l

`f"vitiiee&ies

E. H. Smm, B. B. Hume. 

